Controlled Substances.
It is unlawful for a person to knowingly possess a controlled substance, or to knowingly use a controlled substance in a public place. Possession of a Controlled Substance and Use of a Controlled Substance in a Public Place are classified as gross misdemeanors, punishable by up to 180 days in jail, a $1,000 fine, or both. However, if a person is convicted of either offense, and has two or more prior convictions for such offenses occurring after July 1, 2023, the person is subject to imprisonment for up to 364 days, a fine of up to $1,000, or both. It is a misdemeanor to knowingly possess 40 grams or less of cannabis; other provisions of law provide permitted quantities of various cannabis products for persons age 21 or older.
Individuals charged with these offenses may be able to seek a pretrial diversion of the charges, in either superior court or courts of limited jurisdiction, by making a motion to the court and substantially complying with any treatment and services recommended by the following relevant referral source: the Recovery Navigator Program, the Arrest and Jail Alternative Program, or the Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion Program.
Exemption from Prosecution.
A person will not be charged or prosecuted for Possession of a Controlled Substance, or penalized for Possession of 40 Grams or Less of Cannabis, if the evidence for the charge is obtained because that person:
This protection does not apply to suppression of evidence in other criminal charges.
Drug Paraphernalia.
Selling or permitting drug paraphernalia to be sold is a class I civil infraction. The prohibitions related to drug paraphernalia do not prohibit distribution or use of public health supplies, including syringe equipment, smoking equipment, or drug testing equipment, through public health programs; community-based HIV prevention programs; outreach, shelter, and housing programs; and pharmacies. Public health and syringe service program staff are exempt from arrest and prosecution for taking samples of substances and using drug testing equipment to analyze or detect substances.
It is a misdemeanor to use drug paraphernalia to cultivate, harvest, manufacture, or otherwise prepare a controlled substance other than cannabis. It is a misdemeanor to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver drug paraphernalia, knowing that it will be used to cultivate, harvest, manufacture, or otherwise prepare a controlled substance other than cannabis.
The state preempts the field of regulating drug paraphernalia, including regulating the use, selling, giving, delivery, and possession of drug paraphernalia. Cities, towns, counties, or other municipalities may enact only laws and ordinances relating to drug paraphernalia that are specifically authorized by state law. Such local ordinances must have the same penalty as provided for by state law. However, cities or counties are not prohibited from enacting laws or ordinances relating to the establishment or regulation of harm reduction services concerning drug paraphernalia.
A person acting in good faith who seeks medical assistance for someone experiencing a drug-related overdose, or who experiences a drug-related overdose and needs medical assistance, may not:
Health care facilities, including hospitals, are added to the list of entities that are not prohibited under provisions of law relating to drug paraphernalia from distributing or using public health supplies, including syringe equipment, smoking equipment, or drug testing equipment. Public health and syringe service program clients, in addition to staff, are exempt from arrest and prosecution for taking samples of substances and using drug testing equipment to analyze or detect substances.
The state preemption of drug paraphernalia regulation is modified by eliminating the existing carveout for city or county laws or ordinances related to the establishment or regulation of harm reduction services concerning drug paraphernalia.
(In support) There were extensive negotiations on this bill to find the right balance of accountability, public safety, and reducing harm for people with substance use disorders. The intent is to ensure that people get the care they need while maintaining public safety. The Good Samaritan law has helped thousands of people stay alive. The bill seeks to change the law to acknowledge that, while people are protected from arrest for Possession of a Controlled Substance when there is a medical emergency, people are still scared to call for medical assistance when they have warrants out for their arrest. The number one concern that stops people from calling 911 for assistance with drug overdoses is a fear of arrest. Protections should be expanded so people can get the care they need to stay alive. There has been a dramatic increase in drug-related overdose deaths in the last five years. Drug-related overdoses have a deep effect on the community.
The bill seeks to narrowly increase the protections in the Good Samaritan law, add clarification, and modestly expand the list of entities that can provide harm reduction services to people. There are protections for service providers who are testing substances, but these protections should be extended to clients of these services so they may also test the substances. The bill extends the drug-checking protections that staff have at services to include clients doing the same. The bill also clarifies that health care facilities, specifically hospitals, may provide supplies to reduce the harms from drugs. There is support for removing the carveout that permits cities and towns to pass laws about harm reduction services. Lewis county passed a county-wide ban on mobile syringe programs. The ban has interfered with services that aim to provide harm-reducing and life-saving care to people. The bill ensures that cities and towns only pass ordinances that are consistent with state law around regulating drug paraphernalia. There is support for the state preemption of laws related to drug paraphernalia regulation. There should not be a patchwork of local laws.
(Opposed) There is a concern that restricting the ability of law enforcement to detain or arrest individuals who have called 911 for an overdose puts the lives of the officers at risk. There is also a concern that prohibiting the arrest of persons who have violated certain protection orders or no-contact orders could be used in an abusive manner by stalkers or someone who perpetuates abuse. In many cases of abuse, people will call 911 and threaten self harm. The bill provides immunity for that type of coercive control. Additionally, there are concerns that the language that allows clients who have access to services to have immunity from prosecution is too broad. This seems like a decriminalization for anyone who has access to these services. Reasonable people can disagree about the underlying policy of the bill.
(In support) Representative Nicole Macri, prime sponsor; Caleb Banta-Green, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Addictions, Drug and Alcohol Institute (Professor); Malika Lamont, VOCAL-WA (Director); Cole Meckle, Gather Church (Pastor); Everett Maroon, Blue Mountain Heart to Heart (Executive director); Everett Maroon, Blue Mountain Heart to Heart; Logan Lee, Lake Washington High School; Gil Perkins, Lake Washington High School; Fabian Pekez, Lake Washington High School; Thea Oliphant-Wells, Public Health - Seattle and King County; Arthur West; and Nichole Alexander, Purpose Dignity Action (PDA).
TaraLyn Fray.